FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO INCREASED USE OF TOBACCO AMONG THE YOUTH AGED 15-35 YEARS, IN KATWE VILLAGE, KAMPALA DISTRICT. A DESCRIPTIVE CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.

Purpose of the study:The purpose of the study is to assess the factors contributing to the increased use of tobacco among the youth aged 15-35 years in Katwe village, Makindye divisionObjectives of the study:The specific objectives of the study were; to assess the individual factors contributing to the increased use of tobacco among the youth aged 15-35 years in Katwe Villega, to identify the economic factors contributing to the increased use of tobacco among the youth aged 15-35 years and to find out the community factors contributing to the increased use of tobacco among the youth aged 15-35 years in Katwe village, Makindye village.Methodology:The study design employed was the descriptive cross-sectional study to address the specific objectives of the study on the sample of 50 respondents using a simple random sampling technique. Some structured questionnaires were designed and used as the data collection tool.Results of the study:The majority of the respondents 80% do smoke tobacco 62% smoke smokeless tobacco and 54% got the information from friends, 60% said their parents influenced them to smoke, 82% of the respondents are salary earners 70 % are influenced by the salary to smoke.Conclusion:In conclusion, the overall results on the individual factors, community factors, and economic factors contributed to the increased use of tobacco among the youth aged 15-35 years.Recommendation:The Ministry of Health should increase taxes on tobacco sales to reduce tobacco use by the youth Secondly, it should be imperative that all stakeholders engage in concerted efforts to target both schools and out-of-school youths in tobacco control strategies Also, effective smoking prevention programs should take into account the dominant influences of peer groups in the onset and continuation of smoking

Supporting compliance verification for collaborative business processes.

Collaborative business processes are the current trend of business processes supported by the advances in technology like the Internet and collaborative networks. Enterprises no longer do business in isolation. The customer demands are always changing and becoming sophisticated with dynamic requirements and the shortening period in which they must be met. Collaborative business processes must conform with not only customer demands but also with laws, standards, best practice and regulations. These impose constraints on the business process that must be satisfied otherwise they attract criminal charges or financial fines. Corporate scandals for companies like Enron, World- com, Societe General etc. were a result of non-compliance. This attracted regulations like the Sarbanese Oxley Act, Basel III, Anti money laundering act among others with articles guiding operational practice. However, non compliance is still observed especially among SMEs that do not possess the skilled man power or the funding to acquire automated compliance solutions. In this thesis, we sought to support non-expert end users through a compliance management approach that can guide the specification and verification of compliance for collaborative business process with a range of policy and regulatory requirements. Collaborative business processes differ from traditional business processes. They are characterised by specific attributes that present unique verification requirements that cannot be automatically addressed by existing verification approaches. To achieve the intended goal, design science research method was employed to develop a mechanism to elicit requirements from different sources, translate them into formal constraints based on formal semantics, and a set of algorithms were composed to support compliance verification. The algorithms provide meaningful and easy to understand feedback to the end user about the compliance or violation of the collaborative business process. Due to the fact that policies and regulations change often, we adopted simulation analysis as a technique to assess and analyse the impact of such changes to the business process before actual implementation. The thesis artifacts are evaluated based on known information systems model evaluation methods following the design science recommended steps and the Method Evaluation model (MEM). We also validate and evaluate the compliance algorithms using a different industrial use case (the car insurance trading business process) from the case used in their design (the pick and pack business process). Further more, the performance of the algorithms is evaluated based on their computation complexity

A Comparative Assessment of Collaborative Business Process Verification Approaches

The Noel Butlin Archives Centre also holds property and manager files for this hotel

Eemian to Early Weichselian regional and local vegetation development and sedimentary and geomorphological controls, Amersfoort Basin, the Netherlands

Two new records from the Amersfoort glacial basin are investigated by means of pollen analysis. The cores are situated in the deeper part, close to the original Eemian stratotype Amersfoort 1 (Zagwijn, 1961) and at the margin of the basin. The aim is to reconstruct the Eemian and Early Weichselian vegetation development and to explore the impact of accommodation space, influx of allochthonous pollen and geomorphology on the vegetation composition. The results of the Amersfoort Basin are compared to the current Eemian stratotype in the Amsterdam Basin and other Eemian sites in the Netherlands. An almost complete Eemian to Early Weichselian sequence (E2-EWII) was retrieved from the deeper part of the Amersfoort basin. The late Saalian (LS) to early Eemian transition is not recorded in the Amersfoort basin, in contrast to the deeper Amsterdam Basin. The basin marginal core Den Treek reveals a condensed late Eemian (E5-6) and Early Weichselian (EW I-II) succession showing the importance of accommodation space. The first impact of the Eemian transgression is registered at the E3 to E4a boundary in the Amersfoort and Amsterdam basins, and highest sea level is proposed at the end of pollen zone E5. Upstream in the Eemian delta, in the palaeo-Vecht valley and IJssel Basin, the transgression is recorded later. The influx of reworked (allochthonous) pollen in clastic sediment units hampers vegetation and climatic reconstructions during the LS and Eemian. The early appearance of Picea in zone E4 and Abies in zone E5 in clastic sediment intervals can be related to long-distance transport by the river Rhine and redistribution in the Eemian delta. Local vegetation development can complicate regional biostratigraphic correlations. Alnus, considered characteristic for the late Eemian (E5-6), shows large differences over short distances in the Amersfoort Basin, related to local alder growth since Eemian E3. Carpinus, diagnostic for pollen zone E5, shows high values in the basins adjacent to higher, well-drained ice-pushed ridges, but low values in low-relief environments. Salt- to brackish-water marshes were present during high sea level in zone E5 in the Amsterdam and Amersfoort basins, while further upstream in the Rhine delta brackish to fresh-water tidal conditions dominated. In line with Zagwijn (1961), the E6 to EWI boundary is defined at the first opening of the vegetation cover with Calluna, Poaceae and Artemisia increase, often coinciding with a lithological change from organic to clastic deposition, reflecting increased landscape instability. The cores from the Amersfoort basin reveal a complete Eemian to Early Weichselian record. It is suggested to define the boundary stratotype for the base of the Weichselian Stage in the Amersfoort Basin. The current stratotype Amsterdam-Terminal reveals a fully developed LS to Eemian transition and contains the boundary stratotype for the base of the Eemian Stage

Eemian to Early Weichselian regional and local vegetation development and sedimentary and geomorphological controls, Amersfoort Basin, the Netherlands

Two new records from the Amersfoort glacial basin are investigated by means of pollen analysis. The cores are situated in the deeper part, close to the original Eemian stratotype Amersfoort 1 (Zagwijn, 1961) and at the margin of the basin. The aim is to reconstruct the Eemian and Early Weichselian vegetation development and to explore the impact of accommodation space, influx of allochthonous pollen and geomorphology on the vegetation composition. The results of the Amersfoort Basin are compared to the current Eemian stratotype in the Amsterdam Basin and other Eemian sites in the Netherlands. An almost complete Eemian to Early Weichselian sequence (E2-EWII) was retrieved from the deeper part of the Amersfoort basin. The late Saalian (LS) to early Eemian transition is not recorded in the Amersfoort basin, in contrast to the deeper Amsterdam Basin. The basin marginal core Den Treek reveals a condensed late Eemian (E5-6) and Early Weichselian (EW I-II) succession showing the importance of accommodation space. The first impact of the Eemian transgression is registered at the E3 to E4a boundary in the Amersfoort and Amsterdam basins, and highest sea level is proposed at the end of pollen zone E5. Upstream in the Eemian delta, in the palaeo-Vecht valley and IJssel Basin, the transgression is recorded later. The influx of reworked (allochthonous) pollen in clastic sediment units hampers vegetation and climatic reconstructions during the LS and Eemian. The early appearance of Picea in zone E4 and Abies in zone E5 in clastic sediment intervals can be related to long-distance transport by the river Rhine and redistribution in the Eemian delta. Local vegetation development can complicate regional biostratigraphic correlations. Alnus, considered characteristic for the late Eemian (E5-6), shows large differences over short distances in the Amersfoort Basin, related to local alder growth since Eemian E3. Carpinus, diagnostic for pollen zone E5, shows high values in the basins adjacent to higher, well-drained ice-pushed ridges, but low values in low-relief environments. Salt- to brackish-water marshes were present during high sea level in zone E5 in the Amsterdam and Amersfoort basins, while further upstream in the Rhine delta brackish to fresh-water tidal conditions dominated. In line with Zagwijn (1961), the E6 to EWI boundary is defined at the first opening of the vegetation cover with Calluna, Poaceae and Artemisia increase, often coinciding with a lithological change from organic to clastic deposition, reflecting increased landscape instability. The cores from the Amersfoort basin reveal a complete Eemian to Early Weichselian record. It is suggested to define the boundary stratotype for the base of the Weichselian Stage in the Amersfoort Basin. The current stratotype Amsterdam-Terminal reveals a fully developed LS to Eemian transition and contains the boundary stratotype for the base of the Eemian Stage

Grain size-shape distributions obtained by image processing of aeolian sediment samples from Lutterzand and Leusden in the Netherlands, 2020

We collected 247 sediment samples from aeolian deposits at Lutterzand (former coversand type locality in the Eastern Netherlands) and 250 samples in total from three sites in the aeolian deposits near Leusden (Central Netherlands, western fringe of the Amersfoort glacial basin). Sediment samples of approximately 2 g were pre-treated in ~100 ml demi-water with 5 ml 30% H2O2 to remove organics, 5 ml 10% HCl to remove carbonates and 300 mg Na4P2O7 ˖10H2O to disperse charged particles. The samples were studied for particle size and shape using a Sympatec Qicpic dynamic image analyser. This analyser is set-up using a 2 mm cuvette. To prevent clogging of the cuvette, pre-treated samples are sieved over a 1600 μm mesh, excluding larger grains from the measurement. Grain size-shape distributions were constructed using image analysis on the video data following the methodology in: Van Hateren et al. (2020). The dataset contains conD2d distributions (volumetric convexity-grain size distributions)